Absolute References in Excel
This is a subject that is not fully covered in the tutorial in Microsoft Office Online which I wish to address. we are going to approach this in a binary fashion, exploring all the permutations and combinations.
| $A$9 | column and row are both absolute. this does not change regardless of where you paste, or extend your formulas by dragging the plus. |
| $A9 | column is absolute, row is relative. |
| A$9 | the column is relative and the row is absolute. |
| A9 | both the column and the row are relative. |
| R9C1 | both the column and the row are relative. |
If you think about what you are doing, and you know what you want to do, you can use this feature to your advantage.